SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin and hyperproinsulinemia as markers of increased pancreatic ß-cell demand in men

Different levels of insulin sensitivity have been described in several animal models of obesity as well as in humans. Monosodium glutamate (MSG)-obese mice were considered not to be insulin resistant from data obtained in oral glucose tolerance tests. To reevaluate insulin resistance by the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and by the clamp technique, newborn male Wistar rats (N = 20) were injected 5 times, every other day, with 4 g/kg MSG (N = 10) or saline (control; N = 10) during the first 10 days of age. At 3 months, the IVGTT was performed by injecting glucose (0.75 g/kg) through the jugular vein into freely moving rats. During euglycemic clamping plasma insulin levels were increased by infusing 3 mU . kg-1 . min-1 of regular insulin until a...

Palavras-chave: Monosodium glutamate; Insulin resistance; Obesity; Clamp technique.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1997000500016

Reis,A.F.; Miranda,W.L.; Chacra,A.R..

Low levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) are considered to be an indirect index of hyperinsulinemia, predicting the later onset of diabetes mellitus type 2. In the insulin resistance state and in the presence of an increased pancreatic ß-cell demand (e.g. obesity) both absolute and relative increases in proinsulin secretion occur. In the present study we investigated the correlation between SHBG and pancreatic ß-cell secretion in men with different body compositions. Eighteen young men (30.0 ± 2.4 years) with normal glucose tolerance and body mass indexes (BMI) ranging from 22.6 to 43.2 kg/m2 were submitted to an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) and baseline and 120-min blood samples were used to determine insulin, proinsulin and C-peptide by...

Specific insulin and proinsulin secretion in glucokinase-deficient individuals

Palavras-chave: Insulin; Proinsulin; Sex hormone-binding globulin; Obesity.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1998001200006

Pardini,V.C.; Velho,G.; Reis,R.; Purisch,S.; Blanché,H.; Vieira,J.G.H.; Moisés,R.C.S..

Glucokinase (GCK) is an enzyme that regulates insulin secretion, keeping glucose levels within a narrow range. Mutations in the glucokinase gene cause a rare form of diabetes called maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). An early onset (less than 25 years), autosomal dominant inheritance and low insulin secretion stimulated by glucose characterize MODY patients. Specific insulin and proinsulin were measured in serum by immunofluorimetric assays (IFMA) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Two kindreds (SA and LZ) were studied and compared to non-diabetic unrelated individuals (control group 1) matched for age and body mass index (BMI). In one kindred, some of these subjects were also obese (BMI >26 kg/m2), and other family members...

Role of sympathetic nervous system and neuropeptides in obesity hypertension

Palavras-chave: Proinsulin; Insulin; MODY; Glucokinase; Obesity.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999000400008

Hall,J.E.; Brands,M.W.; Hildebrandt,D.A.; Kuo,J.; Fitzgerald,S..

Obesity is the most common cause of human essential hypertension in most industrialized countries. Although the precise mechanisms of obesity hypertension are not fully understood, considerable evidence suggests that excess renal sodium reabsorption and a hypertensive shift of pressure natriuresis play a major role. Sympathetic activation appears to mediate at least part of the obesity-induced sodium retention and hypertension since adrenergic blockade or renal denervation markedly attenuates these changes. Recent observations suggest that leptin and its multiple interactions with neuropeptides in the hypothalamus may link excess weight gain with increased sympathetic activity. Leptin is produced mainly in adipocytes and is believed to regulate energy...

GLUT4 protein expression in obese and lean 12-month-old rats: insights from different types of data analysis

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Leptin; Angiotensin; Kidney; Sodium excretion.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000600001

Seraphim,P.M.; Nunes,M.T.; Machado,U.F..

GLUT4 protein expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) and skeletal muscle (SM) was investigated in 2-month-old, 12-month-old spontaneously obese or 12-month-old calorie-restricted lean Wistar rats, by considering different parameters of analysis, such as tissue and body weight, and total protein yield of the tissue. In WAT, a ~70% decrease was observed in plasma membrane and microsomal GLUT4 protein, expressed as µg protein or g tissue, in both 12-month-old obese and 12-month-old lean rats compared to 2-month-old rats. However, when plasma membrane and microsomal GLUT4 tissue contents were expressed as g body weight, they were the same. In SM, GLUT4 protein content, expressed as µg protein, was similar in 2-month-old and 12-month-old obese rats, whereas...

Influence of dexamethasone and weight loss on the regulation of serum leptin levels in obese individuals

Palavras-chave: Insulin resistance; Obesity; Weight loss; GLUT4 protein.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001001000018

Lerario,D.D.G.; Ferreira,S.R.G.; Miranda,W.L.; Chacra,A.R..

The adipocyte hormone leptin is thought to serve as a signal to the central nervous system reflecting the status of fat stores. Serum leptin levels and adipocyte leptin messenger RNA levels are clearly increased in obesity. Nevertheless, the factors regulating leptin production are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of in vivo administration of the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and weight loss on serum leptin levels in two independent protocols. Twenty-five obese subjects were studied (18 women and 7 men, mean age 26.6 ± 6 years, BMI 31.1 ± 2.5 kg/m², %fat 40.3 ± 8.3) and compared at baseline to 22 healthy individuals. Serum levels of leptin, insulin, proinsulin and glucose were assessed at baseline and after...

Muscle sympathetic nerve activity and hemodynamic alterations in middle-aged obese women

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Leptin; Weight reduction; Dexamethasone.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000400007

Association of acanthosis nigricans with race and metabolic disturbances in obese women

Ribeiro,M.M.; Trombetta,I.C.; Batalha,L.T.; Rondon,M.U.P.B.; Forjaz,C.L.M.; Barretto,A.C.P.; Villares,S.M.F.; Negrão,C.E..

To study the relationship between the sympathetic nerve activity and hemodynamic alterations in obesity, we simultaneously measured muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), blood pressure, and forearm blood flow (FBF) in obese and lean individuals. Fifteen normotensive obese women (BMI = 32.5 ± 0.5 kg/m²) and 11 age-matched normotensive lean women (BMI = 22.7 ± 1.0 kg/m²) were studied. MSNA was evaluated directly from the peroneal nerve by microneurography, FBF was measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, and blood pressure was measured noninvasively by an autonomic blood pressure cuff. MSNA was significantly increased in obese women when compared with lean control women. Forearm vascular resistance and blood pressure were significantly higher in...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Sympathetic nerve activity; Blood pressure; Obesity.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000400006

Araújo,L.M.B.; Porto,M.V.; Netto,E.M.; Ursich,M.J..

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) has been recognized as a marker of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. We have compared frequency of race and metabolic disturbances in obese women with several degrees of AN (AN group, N = 190) to a group without AN (non-AN group, N = 61) from a mixed racial population. The groups were similar regarding age and body mass index. All patients (except the diabetic patients) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g). The racial distribution of this population was 35.1% white, 37.8% mulatto and 27.1% black and the frequency of AN was 62.5, 82.1 and 83.8%, respectively, higher in black versus white (P = 0.003) and mulatto versus white (P = 0.002) women. The frequencies of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance...

THE ROLE OF ECONOMICS IN EATING CHOICES AND WEIGHT OUTCOMES

Palavras-chave: Acanthosis nigricans; Race; Obesity; Insulin resistance; Hyperinsulinism.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2002000100008

Mancino, Lisa; Lin, Biing-Hwan; Ballenger, Nicole.

We use data from the USDA's 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the 1994-96 Diet and Health Knowledge Survey to ascertain whether economic factors help explain weight differences among adults. Weight differs among demographic subgroups, and differences in specific behaviors, health awareness, and eating patterns can be linked to weight outcomes. An economic framework helps explain how socioeconomic factors affect an individual's ability to achieve good health. Our results suggest that income, household composition, and formal education help explain variation in behaviors and attitudes that are significantly associated with weight outcomes.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Obesity; CSFII; DHKS; Weight; Age; Income; Education; Race/ethnicity; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33781

Citrus (Rutaceae): a review of recent advances in etymology, systematics and medical applications

Naturalis

Mabberley, D.J..

The naming, introduction and classification of citrus crops and their allies is outlined. Traditional medicinal use and ‘Western’ applications in the treatment of scurvy and obesity, the prevention of AIDS, and in contraception is reviewed. Names for the commercially significant citrangequat (Citrus × georgiana) and the ‘sunrise lime’ or ‘faustrimedin’ (C. × oliveri) are provided.

Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor

Palavras-chave: Citrus; Rutaceae; AIDS; Citrangequat; Contraception; Etymology; Obesity; Sunrise lime; Vitamin C.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524668

The Growing Global Obesity Problem: Some Policy Options to Address It

Relating diet, demographics and lifestyle to increasing US obesity rates

Schmidhuber, Josef.

The last few decades have seen fundamental changes in food consumption patterns around the world. These changes were characterized not only by an increase in overall calorie intakes but also by a shift in the composition of the diet towards more meat, eggs, dairy products as well as more fats and oils, i.e. a shift towards high calorie diets that are also much richer in saturated fats and cholesterol. The main drivers of this transition include factors such as: (i) rapidly falling real prices for food; (ii) urbanization with the development of new marketing channels and the spread of supermarkets into developing countries; (iii) and freer trade and globalization with the emergence of large, trans-nationally operating food companies. This diet transition...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nutrition transition; Obesity; NCDs; Policy options; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12003

Investigation of risk factors to coronary heart disease in two countryside villages

Schroeter, Christiane.

Changes in the American lifestyle are putting more individuals at risk due to the declining quality of their diets. In the last 20 years, the readily available high-fat foods (e.g., "fast foods") combined with the decreased caloric requirements due to lower physical activity levels is assumed to be the major factor in the sharp rise in the prevalence of obesity. The typical away-from-home meal is less healthy than food at home, since it tends to contain more total fat and saturated fat, less calcium, fiber, and iron, and fewer servings of fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, due to the super-sizing trend that is sweeping the market, when Americans eat out, they eat more. Thus, a rising away-from-home consumption appears to establish a significant barrier to...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Food source; Fast food; Diet; Lifestyle; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97501

BABT

Silva,Gisleine Elisa Cavalcante da; Bazotte,Roberto Barbosa; Curi,Rui; Silva,Maria Angélica Rafaini Covas Pereira da.

The aim of this study was to investigate risk factors to coronary heart disease in two countryside villages in the State of Paraná, southern Brazil, typical in terms of the poverty and lack of access to public health care. All population was invited to participate in the study. The 462 volunteers (61.3% female, mean age = 42 years) showed high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (7.0%), hypertriglyceridemia (19.0%), hyperglycemia (11.0%), hypertension (30.0%) and obesity (16.0%). The majority of the individuals, during the interview did not report the diseases detected by the testes. The results revealed that the high prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus could be consequence of the delayed...

Abnormal subcellular distribution of GLUT4 protein in obese and insulin-treated diabetic female dogs

Palavras-chave: Hyperlipidemia; Hyperglycemia; Hypertension; Obesity; Coronary heart disease - Paraná State - Brazil.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132004000300008

Nutrition Labeling in the Food-Away-From-Home Sector: An Economic Assessment

Vargas,A.M.; Barros,R.P.A.; Zampieri,R.A.; Okamoto,M.M.; de Carvalho Papa,P.; Machado,U.F..

The GLUT4 transporter plays a key role in insulin-induced glucose uptake, which is impaired in insulin resistance. The objective of the present study was to investigate the tissue content and the subcellular distribution of GLUT4 protein in 4- to 12-year-old control, obese and insulin-treated diabetic mongrel female dogs (4 animals per group). The parametrial white adipose tissue was sampled and processed to obtain both plasma membrane and microsome subcellular fractions for GLUT4 analysis by Western blotting. There was no significant difference in glycemia and insulinemia between control and obese animals. Diabetic dogs showed hyperglycemia (369.9 ± 89.9 mg/dl). Compared to control, the plasma membrane GLUT4, reported per g tissue, was reduced by 55% (P...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other

Palavras-chave: Diabetes; Obesity; Insulin resistance; GLUT4; Adipose tissue; Plasma membrane.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000700020

Variyam, Jayachandran N..

Americans spent about 46 percent of their total food budget on food away from home in 2002, up from 27 percent in 1962. Such foods tend to be less nutritious and higher in calories than foods prepared at home, and some studies have linked eating away from home to overweight and obesity in adults and children. Current nutrition labeling law exempts much of the food-away-from-home sector from mandatory labeling regulations. Because consumers are less likely to be aware of the ingredients and nutrient content of away-from-home food than of foods prepared at home, public health advocates have called for mandatory nutrition labeling for major sources of food away from home, such as fast-food and chain restaurants. This report provides an economic assessment of...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Food labeling; Government regulation; Health; Mandatory disclosure; Nutrition information; Nutrition Labeling and Education Act; Obesity; Reformulation Acknowledgments; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7235

Emerging Research and Public Policy Issues for a Sustainable Global Food Network

The Food Prices / Body Mass Index Relationship: Theory and Evidence from a Sample of French Adults

Kinsey, Jean D..

This paper presents research questions and policy issues related to three emerging issues pertinent to developments in the global food and agricultural supply network. Developments in the production and delivery of food to consumers are rapid, prolific, and extreme. We have gone from a farmer-centric to a consumer-centric food system. The changes are forcing us to revise our thinking about the organization and operation of the food supply chain one-hundred and eighty degrees, to challenge old assumptions about who sets standards and who decides what will be produced. Public policies, which typically lag the world of commerce, will need to learn their relevance and catch-up with dramatic changes in the way business is being conducted. Three examples come to...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Supermarketization; Private standards; Diet transition; Obesity; Food defense; Terrorism; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14298

Boizot-Szantai, Christine; Etile, Fabrice.

What would be the effect of a "fat tax" on obesity? This paper shows that the sign of the price-weight correlation is unclear, as variations of food price have a direct effect on weight through changes in energy intakes, and an indirect (income) effect that affects energy expenditure. Food expenditures data are used to examine the link between the prices of 16 food groups and the distribution of the Body Mass Index among French adults. We find positive correlations for ready-meals and snacks, and negative correlations for sea products and fruits. It is thus unlikely that the epidemic of obesity will react in the short-term to nutritional taxes.

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Fat tax; Price policies; Quantitle regressions; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D1; H3; I1.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24734

Household Fast Food Expenditures and Children's Television Viewing: Can They Really Significantly Influence Children's Dietary Quality?

You, Wen; Nayga, Rodolfo M., Jr..

Previous studies have found a strong relationship between food-away-from-home expenditures and television viewing, and children's diet. This study revisits this issue by examining the impact of household fast food expenditures and children's television viewing on children's dietary quality. Results indicate that both factors have statistically significant and negative effects. However, the elasticities of children's diet quality with respect to both factors are quite inelastic. Results also suggest that the effects of these two factors differ between children younger than 11 years old and children at least 11 years old. Relevant policy implications are discussed.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Children's diet and health; Fast food expenditures; Healthy eating index; Obesity; Television viewing; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31218

Differentiated Food Taxes as a Tool in Health and Nutrition Policy

Smed, Sinne; Jensen, Jorgen Dejgaard; Denver, Sigrid.

The purpose of the present study is to analyse the effects of using economic policy tools in nutrition policy, e.g. introduction of specific taxes on unhealthy food components or differentiated VAT on foods. The effects of such regulation instruments are demonstrated using Denmark as an illustrative case. A model concept combining econometric models of food consumption behaviour for different socio-demographic groups with a model for conversion between food consumption and nutrient intake is developed. The socio-demographic effects of four different tax or subsidy regulation schemes are investigated.

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Food taxes; Econometric model; Socio-demographic differences; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24579

A reassessment of the role of serotonergic system in the control of feeding behavior

Anais da ABC (AABC)

Medeiros,Magda A.; Costa-e-Sousa,Ricardo H.; Olivares,Emerson L.; Côrtes,Wellington S.; Reis,Luís C..

The role of serotonergic system in the feeding behaviorwas appraised by electrolytic lesions in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and administration of para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 3 mg/5 mul, icv). Chronic evaluations were accomplished through 120 and 360 days in PCPA-injected and DRN-lesioned rats, respectively. Acute food intake was evaluated in fasted rats and submitted to injection of PCPA and hydroxytryptophan (LHTP, 30 mg/kg, ip). DRN-lesioned rats exhibited 22-80% increase in food intake up to sixth month, whereas the obesity was evident and sustained by whole period. In PCPA-injected rats was observed an initial increase in the food intake followed by hypophagy from 25th to 30th day and a transitory increase of body weight from 5th to 60th day. In...